Raising the Minimum Wage Essay - 1997 Words

Investing in employees is the single most important investment that a company can make. A lot of Americans are now in deep poverty, or have a huge amount of debt to catch up too. With the thought of that, in the United States today, millions of Americans are living on the federal minimum wage of $7.25. For this case, it is necessary that there is a need for an increase in the federal minimum wage because it would be much more beneficial to both the economy of the United States and to individual workers because more Americans need spending power, higher minimum wage will help close the wide gap between the wealthy and the poor, and the working poor need to protect themselves in case something goes wrong. Most Americans throughout the†¦show more content†¦Also depending on where you live and how fast you grow, you will need to buy a variation of clothes for the winter and summer. With a family of four, it is almost incapable of happening. An average article of clothing cost an ywhere between $15-30 for one piece. That is more than 2 hours of work. Imagine that, plus only getting an average of $290 a week. That will not last very long, which is very irritating to some people because they don’t want to let their family down, but raising minimum wage will help that tremendously. Another example that could take place is in an emergency like needing to stay late for work, and needing someone to babysit your kids. Many people cannot afford to do that with such little pay and have no choice but to leave work on time. With that happening and many not staying, that could cause them to lose their job, resulting in more poverty. To continue, minimum wage was created to stimulate the economy in 1938 (Sonn, Temple 1). Once minimum wage became a policy in the United States, it was successful in stimulating the economy when it was created because the federal minimum (if adjusted for inflation) was higher than today. Over the past 40 years, the power of minimum w age has fallen sharply. Minimum wage now, is about â…” percent of its previous power. The annual salary of a full-time American worker employed at $7.25 per hour is $15,080, which is lessShow MoreRelatedRaising The Minimum Wage? Essay1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe minimum wage is one of the most discussed issues around the country. Everyone has a different opinion if raising the minimum wage would help families across the country to have a better lifestyle or if would cause an unbalance in the economy. Democrats and Republicans have a different view on this issue, while Democrats supports raising the minimum wage by $15 an hour, Republicans have stated that they refuse increasing the wage because it would leave different factions of Americans outside ofRead MoreRaising Minimum Wage912 Words   |  4 PagesMinimum wage has long been a topic that has brought on many heated debates. It has been said over and over again that minimum wage should be raised. These people say that rai sing minimum wage only does good for people. However, I, along with many other people, believe this is wrong, and we should instead be making moves to keep minimum wage where it is. Raising minimum wage may provide some positive effects, but those positives only go on to be overwhelmed by the negative effects caused by it. WagesRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?1575 Words   |  7 PagesThe issue of raising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $15 an hour is a heavily debated topic. Both sources against or in favor of the minimum wage refer to a â€Å"growing gap† between low-income workers and high-income earners. Sources against the minimum wage believe raising it will increase this gap, whereas those in favor of the minimum wage believe it will decrease this gap. The arguments in favor of the minimum wage rely mostly on ethical beliefs, such as â€Å"pay should reflect hard work,† to advanceRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage888 Words   |  4 Pages Raising the Minimum Wage The employment effect of the minimum wage is one of the most studied topics in all economics. Today, the debate over raising the minimum wage has been a hot topic after President Obama explained in his 2014 State of the Union address that he intends to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour, an increase of over 40 percent. While the President and his supporters claim that this increase would greatly benefit the economy and result in growing the businessesRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Raise the wage!† reads many protestors’ signs across America. Many people believe this to be the answer to the financial inequality that plagues our country. The federal minimum wage was established to keep workers from settling on a poor living standard (Leonard A.11). Since this was passed, multiple debates and issues have risen. One begins to ask the question, is this truly the best way to resolve the unequal distribution of wealth? Aft er research, it has been found that there are many drawbacksRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage1979 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Raising the minimum wage can result in job losses due to lower profits for businesses. It can also potentially decrease employee hours by changing them from full time to part time. Additionally, it may reduce the full time benefits that they receive. If this were to happen, then the employees affected will actually be earning less than they did before the increase. For example, from the Article Maximum Divide on Minimum Wage (Mejeur, 2014), they state, â€Å"Labor costs are the largest shareRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?870 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of raising the minimum wage has many different viewpoints. It is thought to be affected negatively and positively. Some believe it increases unemployment and poverty. Others believe it creates jobs, helps the economy and low-income families by giving them more money to give back to the economy. Doug Hall, director of the Economic Analysis and Research Network and David Cooper, Economic Analyst at the Economic Policy Institute, expressed how the increase in minimum wage affects certainRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage1037 Words   |  5 PagesRaising the minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 is not a good idea. The unintended consequences that would come about as a result is reason enough to shy away from such a proposal. Those who support an increase contend that it will alleviate poverty. Suppose these advocates are right and a spike in the minimum wage does reduce poverty for some fortunate workers. This positive development will be offset because an increase in the minimum wage will further price out inexperienced workers from the jobRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage?2447 Words   |  10 PagesThe minimum wage is defined as the lowest compensation, by law, which an employer may pay his or her employees. In the United States, this monetary value is set by a collection of la ws on the federal, state, and local levels. While state and local governments may choose to observe a higher minimum wage than the national minimum wage, the federal government ultimately controls the income of the nation’s lowest-earning employees. At the federal level, the minimum wage was last raised in 2009, fromRead MoreRaising The Minimum Wage1864 Words   |  8 Pagespersevere, and really believe in yourself, good things will come. Drastically raising the minimum wage goes against all of those principles, rewarding lethargic actions and poor life choices. Raising the minimum wage to $15 will do more harm than good for middle class americans by decreasing the value of the money in their pockets, driving out big companies, and generally increasing unemployment. Increasing the minimum wage causes middle class Americans have less money in their pockets to spend. Representatives

Maya Angelou 5 - 1248 Words

Maya Angelou is a phenomenal woman. She was born into a devastating decade, that suffered numerous tragedies. Not only had society shaped her as a woman, she has also shaped our society and influenced many lives. She is still living today, yet I believe her legend will never die. Furthermore I will share with you what motivated her and some of her gratifying experiences. How she was effected by society, and what she did about it. Also how the time period she was born into made her the extraordinary woman she is today. Maya Angelou was born on April 4, 1928, a year before the crash of 29 (the stock market crash). To get a sense of what exactly Maya was born into, I will explain what exactly this meant. This was the start of the†¦show more content†¦She didn#8217;t like the fame, so she moved to Washington, where she met Bilie Holiday, She and Bilie became good friends. She is also a dedicated worker for equal rights, where, at the request of Martian Luther King Jr. served as a northern coordinator for the Southern Christian Leadership conference. She also acted in the television version of Roots (1977) and has appeared in many other television shows, she has also been on many Talk Shows, including Oprah, where some of her books are a part of Oprahs cook club. She was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the commission of the International Women#8217;s Year and served as a board member of the American Film Institute and as an Administrator in the music department of the University of Ghana. She studied dance with Martha Graham and Drama with Frank Silvera and went on to a career in theatre. She toured Europe and Africa with a road show of Porgy and Bess. In 1992, President re- elect Clinton asked Maya to compose a poem for his inauguration, just as JFK had done with Robert Frost in 1961. She delivered a stunning piece at the culmination of the Jan 1993 ceremony. During the 1060#8217;s she lived ion Egypt where she was the associate editor of the Arab Observer in Cario. From 1964 to 1966, she was a feature editor of the African Review. Today Maya lectures in the United States and abroad. She is also a Reynolds professor of American Studies at WakeShow MoreRelatedMaya Angelous Influences Essay1236 Words   |  5 PagesMaya Angelou’s Influence Maya Angelou is terrific performer, singer, filmmaker, and civil-rights activist. She is a phenomenal woman, one thing that she does best is writing. She is still living today, I believe her legend will never die. If one would talk to her, he or she would think she has lead a normal, happy life. Her life is blissful now, it was not always perfect. Maya beard enough emotional stress in a time frame that most people do not experience in a lifetime. Her experiences and theRead MoreMaya Angelous Poems Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou’s Poems Maya Angelou’s poetry occupies a very special position in her development as a writer (Chow 1). As a child, Angelou went through five years of complete silence after she was raped at the age of seven years old, by a man named, Mr. Freeman. As a result of telling about her traumatic experience, her uncle’s literally kicked the man that raped her to death. Beings she spoke of her traumatic experience and the result of the man dying, she then imagined that her voice had the potentialRead MoreMaya Angelou : An Influential Voices Of Modern Society Essay1386 Words   |  6 PagesMaya Angelou, born Marguerite Ann Johnson on the 4th of April 1928, was born in St. Louis, Missouri and grew up in Stamps, Arkansas. Maya Angelou is regarded as one of the most noteworthy, influential voices of modern society with over 50 doctorate degrees. She became a distinguished poet, educator, producer, actress, historian, filmmaker, memoirist, and civil rights activist throughout her life. In the 1930’s and 1940’s, Stamps, Arkansas was the embodiment of brutality and racial discriminationRead MoreStill I Rise by Maya Angelou Literary Analysis Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesIn the poem ‘Still I Rise’ by Maya Angelou, the poet uses repetition, metaphors and similes to express to her audience about how she has overcome racism in her life through demonstrating a strong, proud and defiant attitude to inspire others. The poet uses repetition of the word ‘rise’ to show that she has overcome and risen above racism. In the line, ‘you may trod me in the very dirt but still, like dust ill rise’ it expresses to the reader one of the key ideas in her poem, that no matter howRead MoreEssay about Girl/Woman Work Socio-Historical Critique1439 Words   |  6 Pagesinteresting life may produce interesting poetry or stories. Two phenomenal women, Maya Angelou and Jamaica Kincaid portray two different points of view in their works of literature. A lot of things can contribute to their differences, but in particularly their upbringing is a major cause of their variances. In Jamaica Kincaid’s â€Å"Girl,† a young girl has the â€Å"rules of the world† drilled into her head by her scolding mother while in Maya Angelou’s â€Å"Woman Work† a mother faces the adversities of her life on herRead MorePoem Analysis : Alone By Maya Angelou907 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. The civil rights activist, director, singer and poet Maya Angelou created a poem called â€Å"Alone.† In this poem, the title speaks for itself by warning you to not live life alone because it leads to unhappiness. The poem, â€Å"Alone† by Maya Angelou uses poetic devices diction, imagery, and figurative language to express the theme â€Å"No one can make it in this world alone and have happiness.† In summary, the poem â€Å"Alone â€Å" by Maya Angelou is about the speaker warning all human race to beware of thisRead More`` Speak, By The Maya Angelou1137 Words   |  5 Pageswriter, the late Maya Angelou. This statement also aligns to a 1999 contemporary classic novel, Speak, where a young freshman, Melinda Sordino, faces isolation and depression to an event that occurred over the summer, one that only she knows about. In the novel, Melinda hangs up a poster of Maya Angelou in her make-shift janitor’s closet hangout. Laurie Halse Anderson uses Maya Angelou as a figure for Melinda to learn and change by in the novel Speak. Melinda could learn from Angelou that she can standRead MoreMaya Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings701 Words   |  3 PagesMaya Angelou: â€Å" I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings† In this poem Maya Angelou talks about the civil rights movement. She also express her personal life of what she went through such as being raped at the age of 6 by her mother’s boyfriend and also becoming mute for 5 years. She also states how she got pregnant and had to raise a child at 16. All these events led up to writing this poem from a caged bird that sings point of view. â€Å"Remembrance† In this poem Maya Angelou express how she was being rapedRead MoreCage Bird and How to Say Nothing in 500 Words768 Words   |  4 Pagesjustify anything to be superior to something else, you must have more than one thing to compare. When I start to review narrative and descriptive essays, I have to try to understand what separates the two. I chose to compare â€Å"Caged Bird†, by Maya Angelou as my Descriptive essay and â€Å"How to say nothing in 500 words†, by Paul McHenry Roberts as my narrative essay. To me these two essays set themselves apart from each other, not just because of the different styles of writers, but the meaningfulRead More Maya Angelou Essay1200 Words   |  5 Pages Maya Angelou is a phenomenal woman. She was born into a devastating decade, that suffered numerous tragedies. Not only had society shaped her as a woman, she has also shaped our society and influenced many lives. She is still living today, yet I believe her legend will never die. Furthermore I will share with you what motivated her and some of her gratifying experiences. How she was effected by society, and what she did about it. Also how the time period she was born into made her the extraordinary

Homosexuality Biological or Learned Behavior free essay sample

Homosexuality: Biological or Learned Behavior Axia College of University of Phoenix Homosexuality is at the front lines of the nature versus nurture debate. Many studies have been conducted, but a clear cause has yet to be found. Anti-homosexuals, consisting mainly of religious groups, believe that homosexuality is abnormal, unnatural, and can be changed. Because of their beliefs, homosexuality must be a learned behavior. Whether homosexuality is biological or learned behavior is still a mystery, but scientists are finding more evidence to suggest the former. Webster’s online dictionary defines abnormal as deviating from the normal or average. By that definition alone homosexuality is abnormal, but there are other things that are â€Å"abnormal† which are acceptable in today’s society. According to the 2000 United States Census Bureau report, 75. 1 percent of Americans are Caucasian. So it is logical to assume the â€Å"average† American is Caucasian, but not being Caucasian is not considered abnormal. We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality: Biological or Learned Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Minorities have genetic traits that make them different, and it is impossible to change these genetic traits. The same concept holds true for homosexuals. Homosexuals are a minority because they are biologically different from the majority. So what makes them different? Studies show there is clear a difference between the brains of homosexuals and heterosexuals, and part of it lies within the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is a small part of the brain that controls sexual behavior, among other things, and it responds to pheromones (Hypothalamus, n. d. ). Several nuclei in the hypothalamus are sexually dimorphic; this includes the interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus (INAH). The INAH is a nucleus located between the groups of tissue in the anterior hypothalamus. Although there are four INAH, only the INAH3 is widely accepted as sexually dimorphic (LeVay, 1991). Figure 1 displays the location of the hypothalamus and INAH 1-4, and a size comparison between a heterosexual male and female brain. Figure 1. (A) Location of Hypothalamus and INAH 1-4. (B-D) Shows a size comparison of INAH 1-4 between a heterosexual male and heterosexual female. Allen et al. , 1989 Heterosexual males have a larger INAH3 than heterosexual females. Simon LeVay conducted a study in which he compared the size of the INAH3 between 19 homosexual males, 16 heterosexual males, and six heterosexual females. LeVay (1991) found that homosexual males have a smaller INAH3 than heterosexual males, and their INAH3 is only slightly larger than the INAH3 of heterosexual females. The study suggests that the cause of homosexuality is located in the brain, but Anti-homosexuals do not agree with his findings. Anti-homosexuals criticize virtually every aspect of his study. They claim that LeVay was biased because of his own sexual orientation, despite him stating: I did not prove that homosexuality is genetic, or find a genetic cause for being gay. I didnt show that gay men are born that way, the most common mistake people make in interpreting my work. Nor did I locate a gay center in the brainINAH3 is less likely to be the sole gay nucleus of the brain than part of a chain of nuclei engaged in men and womens sexual behavior. My work is just a hint in that directiona spur, I hope, to future work. (Nimmons, 1994,  ¶ 4) In their opinion the sample size was too small, and the fact 56. 5 percent of the samples died of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related complications renders the entire study mute since the disease lowers testosterone, and there is hardly any evidence to suggest that AIDS did not create the differences in size (Chun, 2003). They also claim LeVay did not properly measure the INAH3. According to Dallas (n. d. ), â€Å"His peers in the neuroscientific community cannot agree on whether the INAH3 should be measured by its size/volume or by its number of neurons† (para. 2). It is unclear if behavior can affect the brain structure or if the brain structure affects behavior, so the difference between homosexual men and heterosexual men is not valid (Dallas, para. 3). Lastly, they criticize the fact LeVay could not guarantee the sexuality of his subjects (Dallas, para. 3). However, this discrepancy probably explains why 17 percent of the group contradicted the study (three heterosexual males had smaller INAH3 while three homosexual males had larger INAH3). In spite of these denigrations, it is clear that homosexuality possibly has a biologic substrate. Just as LeVay found evidence of variation between the heterosexual and homosexual brains so did Swedish scientists Ivanka Savic and Per Lindstro? m. They have produced three incredibly interesting and compelling studies. In the first two studies they documented how males and females of both sexual orientations responded to human pheromones. The researchers had the test subjects smell four ordinary aromas and male and female hormones while their brains were being scanned with positron emission tomography (PET). Fascinatingly, the normal scents activated the part of the brain which processes smells, but the hormones were processed by the hypothalamus in most. Heterosexual men’s hypothalamus processed the female hormones, but scent area processed the male hormones. The opposite was found for heterosexual females (Schmid, 2006). On the other hand, homosexual males’ hypothalamus responded to males hormones while the scent area processed the female hormones (USATODAY, 2005). However, the homosexual females processed both hormones in the scent area. Straight men and lesbians found the female hormone more pleasing than the male hormone, and were more likely to be irritated by the male hormones. Straight women found both hormones to be equally pleasing, but were more likely to be irritated by the female hormone (Schmid, 2006). The studies show there is a biological aspect to homosexuality. In addition to the scent studies, Savic and Lindstro? m conducted another brain study in which the researchers found there were more similarities between the brains of heterosexuals and their homosexual counterparts. They used PET scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to help document the findings. According to Savic and Lindstro? m (2008): Cerebral responses to putative pheromones and objects of sexual attraction were recently found to differ between homo- and heterosexual subjects. Although this observation may merely mirror perceptional differences, it raises the intriguing question as to whether certain sexually dimorphic features in the brain may differ between individuals of the same sex but different sexual orientation. We addressed this issue by studying hemispheric asymmetry and functional connectivity, two parameters that in previous publications have shown specific sex differences. †¦The present study shows sex-atypical cerebral asymmetry and functional connections in homosexual subjects. The results cannot be primarily ascribed to learned effects, and they suggest a linkage to neurobiological entities. ( ¶1) The study consisted of 25 heterosexual men (HeM), 25 heterosexual women (HeW), 20 homosexual men (HoM), and 20 homosexual women (HoW), for a total of 90 subjects. HeW and HoM did not show asymmetry in the brain hemispheres, but HeM and HoW did show asymmetry. Figure 2 shows the MRI overlay which illustrates how similar the connectivity pattern is among the different sexual orientations. This study also strongly suggests that homosexuality is biological. Nonetheless, Anti-homosexuals have complaints. As with the LeVay study, they claim that behavior can affect the brain so the studies results do not prove homosexuality is biological, since there is no way to tell if the subjects’ brain changed over time (Wade, 2005). However, the results provide more information about homosexuality. Figure 2. MRI Scan Results Overlay. Savic ; Lindstrom, 2008 The next controversial study provides a strong case against the unnaturalness of homosexuality. A study by researchers in the Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) has found sexual orientation in rams is determined by the brain (2004). The researchers discovered group of nerve cells in the medial preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus (MPOA/AH) of the sheep brain, which they labeled as the ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) (Roselli, Larkin, Resko, Stellflug, ; Stormshak, 2004). The study also found sheep that prefer female rams have a larger oSDN and the hormone levels drastically differ based on sexual preference (Roselli et al. , 2004). However, Dr. Whitehead argues the mounting of male rams by other male rams is a dominance behavior (NARTH, n. d. ). But the researchers only deemed the male sheep homosexual if they decided to mount a constrained male over a constrained female five out five 10-minute sessions (Roselli et al. , 2004). Dr. Whitehead argues this is because the ram instinctively knows it must subdue the male ram before attempting the mate with the female (NARTH, n. . ). He also claims if the test ram has a poor sense of smell its behavior could be attributed to that. Dr. Whitehead’s last criticism has been mentioned numerous times before; there is no proof that the behavior did not alter the brain. Despite these criticisms, it is evident homosexuality is far from unnatural. The leading reason homosexuality is viewed as a learned behavio r is because some people view homosexuality as being unnatural. When the phrase â€Å"natural order† is heard, what thoughts come to mind? The average person would think about animals. Animal behavior is the perfect indicator of what qualifies as natural or unnatural. Animals are not tethered by the bias and ideologies of humankind. Biologists, like Joan Roughgarden, have documented over 450 different species of animals that engage in either homosexual or bisexual behavior (Barber, 2009). Some species, for example, penguins maintain their homosexual pairings for life. Anti-homosexuals proclaim homosexuality is unnatural because it is anti-procreation (Magnan, n. d. ), but how can something so common in the animal kingdom be unnatural? It was once believed that animals mate only as a means of continuing the species; however, if animals can engage in sexual activity for pleasure why is it a crime against nature for humans to do the same? One must come to the conclusion that homosexuality is natural. Sexual orientation is not a choice, but anti-homosexuals insist that it is and therefore they argue that it can be changed. According to Nevid and Rathus (2005), â€Å"Sexual orientation is a statement about romantic or erotic interest and attraction, not sexual behavior† (p. 374). Simply put, people do not choose who they are attracted to. Anti-homosexuals are correct when they say homosexual behavior is a choice, but why should anyone force himself or herself to do something he or she does not like? Are we the people not entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness? This question opens the door to the topic of conversion therapy. Conversion therapy is a controversial subject, and despite what religious groups want people to believe, it is not very successful. Only people who are truly unhappy with themselves benefit from the therapy (Thomas, 1997). The National Association for Research and Therapy of Homosexuality (NARTH) conducted a two-year conversion therapy study consisting of 860 homosexual subjects. When surveyed, 90 percent of the subjects considered themselves to be predominately homosexual before treatment, but only 33 percent considered themselves to be predominately heterosexual after treatment (Thomas, 1997). In conclusion unwanted homosexual behavior can be changed, but the person’s sexual orientation will remain the same. The sad truth is the person only wants to change so he or she can be accepted by society and not condemned by his or her faith. Anti-homosexuals have criticisms for every study that remotely suggests homosexuality is biological. They say homosexuality is abnormal, but it is clear there are differences between the brains of heterosexuals and homosexuals of the same gender in humans and animals. It has been documented that over 450 species engage in homosexual or transgendered behavior, yet anti-homosexuals say homosexuality is unnatural. Sexual orientation is not a choice and no amount of therapy can change it. Do not be blinded by anti-homosexuals propaganda. Despite what you believe, I ask you solely to base whether homosexuality is biological or learned behavior on the science, not religious beliefs or homophobia. References 2000 Census of Population and Housing. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 12, 2009, from www. census. gov/prod/cen2000/dp1/2kh00. pdf Barber, N. (2009, June 17). Gay animals | Psychology Today. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from http://www. psychologytoday. com/blog/the-human-beast/200906/gay-animals Chun, T. (2003). Studies Proving the Biological Origin of Homosexuality Are Flawed. Current Controversies: Homosexuality. Ed. Helen Cothran. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003. Retrieved August 12, 2009, from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. Gale. Apollo Library. Dallas, J. (n. d. ). Pure Intimacy Responding to Pro-gay Social Arguments (Part 1). Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://www. pureintimacy. org/piArticles/A000000464. cfm Hypothalamus MSN Encarta. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761582440/Hypothalamus. html LeVay, S. (1991, August 30). A difference in hypothalamic structure between heterosexual and homosexual men. Science, 253 (5023), 1034-1037. Magnan, P. (n. d. ). Homosexuality. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from http://www. bfamilyadvocates. com/homosexuality. htm NARTH. (n. d. ). Gay Ram Claims Questioned By NARTH Leader. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from http://www. narth. com/docs/ram. html Nevid, J. , ; Rathus, S. (2005). Psychology and the challenges of life: Adjustment in the new millennium (9th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley ; Sons. Nimmons, D. (1994, March 1). Sex and the Brain. Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://discovermagazine. om/1994/mar/sexandthebrain346/? searchterm=levay Oregon Health ; Science University; Biology is behind homosexuality in sheep, study confirms. (2004,  March). Biotech Week, 334. Retrieved August 12, 2009, from ProQuest Health and Medical Complete. Roselli, C. E. , Larkin, K. , Resko, J. A. , Stellflug, J. N. , ; Stormshak, F. (2004, February 1). The volume of a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the ovine medial preoptic area/anterior hypothalamus varies with sexual partner preference. Endocrinology. 145:478-483. Savic, I. , ; Lindstro? m, P. (2008, June 16). PET and MRI show differences in cerebral asymmetry and functional connectivity between homo- and heterosexual subjects. Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://www. pnas. org/content/105/27/9403. full Schmid, R. E. , ; Associated Press. (2006, May 8). Lesbians brains respond differently from those of heterosexual women USATODAY. com. Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://www. usatoday. com/tech/science/discoveries/2006-05-08-lesbian-brain-stu dy_x. htm Cal Thomas. Los Angeles Times Syndicate†¦ (1997,  August  20). GAY CONVERSION A REALITY PSYCHOLOGISTS IGNORE: [NORTH SPORTS FINAL Edition]. Chicago Tribune,p. 19. Retrieved August 29, 2009, from Chicago Tribune USATODAY. com Gay men respond differently to pheromones. (2005, May 9). Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://www. usatoday. com/news/health/2005-05-09-homosexual-brains_x. htm Wade, N. (2005, May 10). For Gay Men, Different Scent Of Attraction. New York Times. Retrieved August 12, 2009, from ProQuest Database abnormal Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 12, 2009, from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/abnormal

The Power Of Music Essays (1156 words) - Cognition,

The Power Of Music In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my suc cess thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always receive d praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addition to being ambitious and motivated enough to put my heart into even mundane, low-level tasks, I am also extremely organized. This is one characteristic that has always received praise. I pay particular attention to detail, which I believe has contributed to my success thus far. I take pride in my work, and I look at it as a representation of myself. In addi tion to being ambitious

The Ugly Duchess Margaret, Countess of Tyrol Review Essay Example

The Ugly Duchess Margaret, Countess of Tyrol Review Paper Essay on The Ugly Duchess Margaret, Countess of Tyrol This novel became my first acquaintance with Feuchtwanger and, it should be noted acquaintance pleasant Medieval duchess, all the vicissitudes of its fate and the fate of her country captivated me is not a joke The book reads easily and quickly medieval Tyrol in Feuchtwanger seems alive, tangible and very gritty. This is a definite plus. Â «On the appointed day, a brilliant tournament, which Tyrol waited many years. Feast came to fame. Four knights stabbed, seven fatally injured. All we found that long since been so much fun. After this paragraph has become clear that the book will please me.))))))) We will write a custom essay sample on The Ugly Duchess Margaret, Countess of Tyrol Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Ugly Duchess Margaret, Countess of Tyrol Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Ugly Duchess Margaret, Countess of Tyrol Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer What is it? Politics, intrigue, war, the Jews, the birth of the bourgeoisie, the economy, cities, murders, adulteries, beauty and ugliness, and, of course, of the Margravine of Brandenburg, Duchess of Bavaria and the Tyrol Countess Marguerite lipped. Poor Duchess Maultash! Whether your mouth on my finger already and your cheek muscles more elastic, I have lived you peacefully, happily and Tyrol and the Roman Empire would have a very different view than it is now. Â » This book turned out to be a beautiful jewelry box with a surprise. Historical novel all cause-noble and bam !!! Of nowhere .. Dwarves Yes! The ones that live in caves, worn on the fingers of the gems to be invisible and can only contemplate the reigning sovereign, if he rightly dominates the country . And they profess Catholicism Did you know that? Me not! ))))) I think this book is about them Because Marguerite leaves her beloved Tyrol, and the creation of a tiny bearded remain .

Personal Selling and Sales Management Essay Example

Personal Selling and Sales Management Essay Example Personal Selling and Sales Management Essay Personal Selling and Sales Management Essay Global Perspective INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS ARE GLAMOROUS, RIGHT? Some challenges associated with an international assignment include job security, readjustment upon return to the U. S. and adjustment to other cultures. Given these kinds of problems, is that international sales position being offered to we as attractive as it looks? Will it really help wer career? Particularly in relationship cultures such as China, relationship marketing, built on effective communications between the seller and buyer, focuses on building long-term alliances rather than treating each sale as a one-time event. Designing the Sales Force Based on analyses of current and potential customers, the selling environment, competition, and the firms resources and capabilities, decisions must be made regarding the numbers, characteristics, and assignments of sales personnel. Distribution strategies will often vary from country to country. Some markets may require a direct sales force, whereas others may not. How customers are approached can differ as well. Once decisions have been made about how many expatriates, local nationals, or third=country nationals a particular market requires, then more intricate aspects of design can be undertaken, such as territory allocation and customer call plans. Recruiting Marketing and Sales Personnel Expatriates Virtual Expatriates Local Nationals Third Country Nationals Host Country Restrictions Expatriates The largest personnel requirement abroad for most companies is the sales force. The number of companies relying on expatriate personnel is declining as the volume of world trade increases and as more companies use locals to fill marketing positions. However, when products are highly technical, or when selling requires an extensive background of information and applications, an expatriate sales force remains the best choice. The chief disadvantages of an expatriate sales force are the high cost, cultural and legal barriers, and the limited number of high-caliber personnel willing to live abroad for extended periods. Virtual Expatriates The Internet and other advances in communications technologies, along with the growing reluctance of executives to move abroad, are creating a new breed of expatriate, the virtual one. Virtual expatriates manage operations in other countries but dont move there. Local Nationals The historical preference for expatriate managers and salespeople from the home country is giving way to a preference for local nationals. At the sales level, the picture is clearly biased in favor of the locals because they transcend both cultural and legal barriers. They are also familiar with distribution systems and referral networks. The main disadvantage of hiring local nationals is the tendency of headquarters personnel to ignore their advice. Another key disadvantage can be their lack of availability. In many countries, sales positions are viewed negatively. Third Country Nationals Third-country nationals (TCNs), are expatriates from their own countries working for a foreign company in a third country. Host Country Restrictions The host governments attitudes toward foreign workers often complicate selecting expatriate U. S. nationals over locals. Concerns about foreign corporate domination, local unemployment, and other issues cause some countries to restrict the number of non-nationals allowed to work within the ountry. Selecting Sales and Marketing Personnel To select personnel for international marketing positions effectively, management must define precisely what is expected of its people. Effective executives and salespeople, regardless of what foreign country they are operating in, share certain personal characteristics, skills, and orientations such as maturity, emotional stability, breadth of knowledge, positive o utlook, flexibility, cultural empathy, energetic, and enjoy travel. Selection mistakes are costly. When an expatriate assignment does not work out, hundreds of thousands of dollars are wasted in expenses and lost time. Mew evidence indicates that a managers culture affects personnel decisions. Training for International Marketing The nature of a training program depends largely on both the home culture of the sales person and the culture of the business system in the foreign market. Continual training may be more important in foreign markets than in domestic ones because of the lack of routine contact with the parent company and its marketing personnel. One aspect of training is frequently overlooked: Home-office personnel dealing with international marketing operations need training designed to make them responsive to the needs of the foreign operations. The Internet now makes some kinds of sales training much more efficient. Motivating Sales Personnel Motivation is especially complicated because the firm is dealing with different cultures, different sources, and different philosophies. Because cultural differences affect the motivational patterns of a sales force, a manager must be extremely sensitive to the personal behavior patterns of employees. Individual incentives that work effectively in the United States can fail completely in other cultures. Communications are also important in maintaining high levels of motivation; foreign managers need to know that the home office is interested in their operations. Because promotion and the opportunity to improve status are important motivators, a company needs to make clear the opportunities for growth within the firm. In one study, sales representatives in comparable Japanese and American sales organizations were asked to allocate 100 points across an array of potential rewards from work. As shown in Exhibit 17. 4, the results were surprisingly similar. The Sales People Were Asked to: ‘Distribute 100 Points among the Rewards in Terms of their Importance to You. ’ SOURCE: R. Bruce Money and John L. Graham, â€Å"Salesperson Performance,Pay, and Job Satisfaction: Tests of a Model Using Data Collected in the U. S. and Japan,† Journal of International Business Studies, 1999. Designing Compensation Systems For Expatriates Developing an equitable and functional compensation plan that combines balance, consistent motivation, and flexibility is extremely challenging in international operations. Fringe benefits play a major role in many countries. Pay can be a significant factor in making it difficult for a person to be repatriated. Often those returning home realize they have been making considerably more money with a lower cost of living in the overseas market; returning to the home country means a cut in pay and a cut in standard of living. In general, short-term assignments involve payments of overseas premiums (sometimes called separation allowances if the family does not go along), all excess expenses, and allowances for tax differentials. Besides rewarding an individuals contribution to the firm, a compensation program can be used effectively to recruit, develop, motivate, or retain personnel. For a Global Sales Force – The Do’s Compensation plans of American companies vary substantially around the globe, reflecting the economic and cultural differences in the diverse markets served. Some experts feel compensation plans in Japan and Southern Europe are most different from the standard U. S. approach. Those same experts believe that generally compensation schemes around the world are becoming more similar to the U. S. systems with its emphasis on commissions based on individual performance. Global Similarity to U. S. Compensations Plans SOURCE: David G. Schick and David J. Cichelli, â€Å"Developing Incentive Compensation Strategies in a Global Sales Environment,† ACA Journal, Autumn 1996. The Dos for designing compensation systems for a global sales force: Do involve representatives from key countries. Do allow local managers to decide the mix between base and incentive pay. Do use consistent performance measures (results paid for) and emphasis on each measure. Do allow local countries flexibility in implementations. Do use consistent communication and training themes worldwide. The Donts for designing compensation systems for a global sales force: Dont design the plan centrally and dictate to local offices. Dont create a similar framework for jobs with different responsibilities. Dont require consistency on every performance measure within the incentive plan. Dont assume cultural diffe rences can be managed through the incentive plan. Dont proceed without the support of senior sales executives worldwide. A compensation Blueprint: How IBM Pays 140,000 Sales Executives Worldwide Beginning in the late 1990s IBM rolled out what is perhaps the most global approach to compensating a worldwide sales force. The main features of that plan, which applies to 140,000 sales executives in 165 countries, are presented in Exhibit 17. 6. SOURCE: Michele Marchetti and Antonio Langemi, â€Å"Gamble,† Sales and Marketing Management, July 1996, p. 65-69. Evaluating and Controlling Sales Representatives In the U. S. , emphasis is placed on individual performance, which can easily be measured by sales revenues generated. In many countries evaluation is more complex where teamwork is favored over individual effort. The primary control tool used by American sales managers is the incentive system. In other countries, corporate control and frequent interactions with peers and supervisors are the means of motivation and control. Preparing U. S. Personnel for Foreign Assignments Foreign assignments typically cost from 150-400 percent of the annual base salary. This cost increases if the expatriate returns home before completing the scheduled assignment. The planning process must begin prior to the selection of those going abroad and extend to their specific assignments after returning home. Overcoming Reluctance to Accept a Foreign Assignment Concerns for career and family are the most frequently mentioned reasons for a manager to refuse a foreign assignment. The most important career-related reservation is the fear that a two- or three-year absence will adversely affect opportunities for advancement. Concern for family may interfere with many accepting an assignment abroad. Initially, most potential candidates are worried about uprooting a family and settling into a strange environment. Questions about the education of the children, isolation from family and friends, proper health care, and, in some countries, the potential for violence reflect the misgivings a family faces when relocating to a foreign country. Reducing the Rate of Early Returns Once the employee and family accept the assignment abroad, the next problem is keeping them there for the assigned time. One researcher estimated that 75 percent of families sent to a foreign post experience adjustment problems with children or have marital discord. Before going abroad, cross-cultural training should be provided for families as well as the employee. Once the family is abroad, some companies even provide a local ombudsman (someone experienced in the country) to whom members can take their problems and get immediate assistance. Successful Expartiate Preparation Returnees should know where they are going and what they will be doing next month and several years ahead. A report on what MNCs are doing to improve the reentry process suggests five steps: 1. Commit to reassigning expatriates to meaningful positions. 2. Create a mentor program. Mentors are typically senior executives who monitor company activities, keep the expatriate informed on company activities, and act as liaison between the expatriate and various headquarters departments. 3. Offer a written job guarantee stating what the company is obligated to do for the expatriate on return. 4. Keep the expatriate in touch with headquarters through periodic briefings and headquarters visits. 5. Prepare the expatriate and family for repatriation once a return date is set. Developing Cultural Awareness Most expatriate failures are cause by lack of an understanding of cultural differences and their effect on management skills. Good cultural skills can be learned and developed. Cultural skills provide the individual with the ability to relate to a different culture even when the individual is unfamiliar with the details of that particular culture. The Changing Profile of the Global Manager Fewer companies today limit their search for senior-level executive talent to their home countries. Some companies believe that it is important to have international assignments early in a persons career, and international training is an integral part of their entry-level development programs. Many companies are active in making the foreign experience an integrated part of a successful corporate career. Foreign Language Skills Many believe that learning a language improves cultural understanding and business relationships. Many believe that to be taken seriously in the business community, the expatriate must be at least conversational in the host language. Many companies are making stronger efforts to recruit people who are bilingual or multilingual. Summary The companys sales force is on the front line of a marketing organization. The role of marketers in both domestic and foreign markets along with the composition of international managerial and sales forces is rapidly changing. The recent emphasis on using local personnel operating in their own lands has highlighted the importance of adapting U. S. managerial techniques to local needs. The development of an effective marketing organization calls for careful recruiting, selecting, training, motivating, and compensating o f expatriate personnel and their families. The most practical method of maintaining an efficient international sales and marketing force is careful, concerted planning at all stages of career development. An effective international sales force constitutes one of the international marketers greatest concerns. The companys sales force represents the major alternative method of organizing a company for foreign distribution and, as such, is on the front line of a marketing organization. The role of marketers in both domestic and foreign markets is rapidly changing, along with the composition of international managerial and sales forces. Such forces have many unique requirements that are being filled by expatriates, locals, third-country nationals, or a combination of the three. In recent years, the pattern of development has been to place more emphasis on local personnel operating in their own lands. This, in turn, has highlighted the importance of adapting U. S. managerial techniques to local needs. The development of an effective marketing organization calls for careful recruiting, selecting, training, motivating, and compensating of expatriate personnel and their families to ensure maximization of a companys return on its personnel expenditures. The most practical method of maintaining an efficient international sales and marketing force is careful, concerted planning at all stages of career development. Bibliography: International Marketing, Cateora P. R. , Graham J. L. , 12th ed, pp 500-525. Michele Marchetti and Antonio Langemi, â€Å"Gamble,† Sales and Marketing Management, July 1996, p. 65-69. David G. Schick and David J. Cichelli, â€Å"Developing Incentive Compensation Strategies in a Global Sales Environment,† ACA Journal, Autumn 1996.

Cubism and Fauvism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cubism and Fauvism - Essay Example By means of comparison, fauvism was a form of artistic representation in which strong and unnatural colors for a particular object or individual utilized; with the specific goal of evoking strong emotions. Naturally, the utilization of 3-D imagery was all but nonexistent within this particular approach to artistic representation. A prime example of fauvism in artwork can be seen with regard to Henri Matisse’ â€Å"Woman with a Hat†. Whereas the analysis has thus far focused upon the level of dissimilarity that exists between these two particular approaches to artistic representation, it must be noted that a peculiar similarity has to do with the fact that both of these are forms seek to represent meaning and understanding based upon different norms Michael and at least as compared to what had been represented as art for many generations and years prior to the advent of these two approaches. In essence, both of these approaches are similar due to the fact that they seek to represent meaning in a new and contrasted manner as compared to the way in which previous artists have described the world. Regardless of the definitions that have thus far been given, perhaps the greatest similarity that exists between these two art forms has to do with the fact that they were both new and expansively modern means of representing the world; means that prior artists had not considered and that were, at that time, considered as â€Å"avant guarde†. No matter what metric is analyzed, the Great Depression was an extremely difficult time.